This works way better than I expected. This is a static image test for a HUD on my home cockpit using a dead cheap beamsplitter made of plexiglass and a smartphone o0
beko.famkos.net/2024/09/06/156…
#FUI #homeCockpit #HUD #simpit
The realtime preemption end game — for real this time [LWN.net]
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After going through a rabbit hole what I learned that this patch does is to allow time critical applications at top priority.
Most of popular linux distributions already have this patch applied in one form or another.
What I think it means for end user is that if applications use this part of linux kernel correctly, then they can speed up some core parts, be more responsive, and stable. But if it's abused, it can end up slowing the whole system.
I made a local APT repository that automatically fetches DEBs and AppImages from anywhere
On Debian-based distros, when an app is available as a DEB or an AppImage (that doesn't self-update), but no APT repository, PPA or Flatpak, the only option is to manually download each update, and usually manually check even whether there are updates.
But, what if those would be upgraded at the same time as everything else using the tools you're familiar with ?
dynapt is a local web server that fetches those DEBs (and AppImages to be wrapped into DEBs) wherever those are, then serves these to APT like any package repository does.
I started building it a few months ago, and after using it to upgrade apps on my computers and servers for some time, I pre-released it for the first time last week.
The stable version will come with a CLI wizard to avoid this manual configuration.
Feedback is welcome :)
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rpm-ostree systems, because any layered packages installed from RPM files have the same limitation of needing to be manually upgraded.like this
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I'd be willing to implement additional features for people who are extra careful about security.
Could you please explain what does this consist in ?
Thanks
file:// scheme or custom apt-transport. HTTP server is needless here. (But I'll never do this because I prefer to rebuild packages myself if there's no repo for my distro.)like this
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local repo with file:// scheme
With that, I couldn't trigger a download when apt update is ran, I could only do a cron, i.e. a delay, that I do not want.
custom apt-transport
I thought about that, but found no documentation on how to do it. If you have any, I'm interested.
Even just finding documentation on how to generate DEBs and APT repository metadata files was very hard.
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libapt-pkg-doc (/usr/share/doc/libapt-pkg-doc/method.html/index.html).like this
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In an APT package OMG 😂
I found an online version though, which I would never have found through my search engine (and on a site that doesn't even support HTTPS) 😅
Looks like difficult reading too 😭
Thanks anyway.
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I went way down the rabbit hole on this one and ended up with a proof of concept that's probably close enough to be able to wire it up: gitlab.com/-/snippets/3745244
I guess it didn't end up too much code, but I'm not entirely sure it's worth it.
(it's after 3 AM? oh no what have I done)
differently hacky idea:
since you do end up with all the packages in a repository on the filesystem, and you just want to have it do this just-in-time updating when the Packages file is accessed...
what if you list it as a normal file apt source, but you make the Packages file a FIFO?
it's a cursed idea but I'm not sure it is any less cursed than the other options we've come up with.
it may or may not help to have systemd.socket manage creating the FIFO and running the service.
What's a FIFO ?
I've also looked into VFS but found nothing I'd have the skills to implement. 😅
Sorry to ask
Don't be. I would love to know that an existing and more experienced program does what mine does.
I've been looking for it myself for a long time before deciding to build it.
isn’t this basically the same thing as apt-cacher-ng?
Here's what I'm reading :
Apt-Cache-ng is A caching proxy. Specialized for package files from Linux distributors, primarily for Debian (and Debian based) distributions but not limited to those.A caching proxy have the following benefits:
- Lower latency
- Reduce WAN traffic
- Higher speed for cached contents
+------------+ +------------+ +------------+ | Apt Client | <------+ Apt Cache | <------+ Apt Mirror | +------------+ +------------+ +------------+
So, not the same thing.
It locally mirrors existing repositories containing existing packages, it doesn't locally create a new repository for new packages from standalone DEBs.
Looks great, well done.
Personally, the deb-related annoyance that I have encountered most often in recent years is that there is an APT repo but I have to jump thru hoops to add it. An example is signal-desktop, where the handy one-click installation goes like this:
# 1. Install our official public software signing key:
wget -O- https://updates.signal.org/desktop/apt/keys.asc | gpg --dearmor > signal-desktop-keyring.gpg
cat signal-desktop-keyring.gpg | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/signal-desktop-keyring.gpg > /dev/null
# 2. Add our repository to your list of repositories:
echo 'deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/signal-desktop-keyring.gpg] https://updates.signal.org/desktop/apt xenial main' |\
sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/signal-xenial.list
# 3. Update your package database and install Signal:
sudo apt update && sudo apt install signal-desktopWhy does Debian-Ubuntu not provide a simple command for this? Yes there is
add-apt-repository but for some reason it doesn't deal with keys. I've had to deal with this PITA on multiple occasions, what's up with this?
Thanks, and agreed !
Fortunately, copy/pasting works and you only have to do it once.
Why does Debian-Ubuntu not provide a simple command for this?
You aren't supposed to add repos. Ever.
wiki.debian.org/UntrustedDebs
Apt is not built with security in mind, at all. The partial sandboxing it does do is trivial to bypass. Adding a repo is basically a RAT Trojan on your computer.
An example is signal-desktop
Yeah don't use signal. They restrict freedom 3 by making distribution difficult. Thats why they trick you into using their RAT repo.
bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugrep…
The least bad option is the unofficial flatpak.
Apt is not built with security in mind, at all. The partial sandboxing it does do is trivial to bypass. Adding a repo is basically a RAT Trojan on your computer.
OK. I suppose this is the correct answer.
The least bad option [for Signal] is the unofficial flatpak.
Unless I'm missing something, here we will disagree. Secure or not, FOSS principle-respecting or not, if I'm choosing to install software by X then I'm going to get it straight from X and not involve third-party Y too.
Unless I’m missing something, here we will disagree. Secure or not, FOSS principle-respecting or not, if I’m choosing to install software by X then I’m going to get it straight from X and not involve third-party Y too.
Source code is like a recipe. Getting your food from the chef who made the recipe is fine, but getting it from another chef who... followed the same exact recipe is no different.
This is how the linux software distribution model works, distro maintainers are a CHECK on upstream.
This might be for the better, but Discord was so infuriating about updates and forcing you to download them what felt like 50% of the time I opened it, I gave up and just use it in Ungoogled Chromium now. I'm pretty sure within a few months I ended up having 15+ debs of Discord in my Downloads folder.
For anyone else trying to use the native Discord app on Debian, I think they'll find this a major treat.
I didn't know there was one, that's interesting, thanks.
Updates must still be delayed because of being third-party though.
Discord not automating downloads of DEBs is one of the reasons motivating me to do this.
Personally I need the desktop client because I mod it with plugins that are so useful that I can't do without these anymore.
Alternatively, there are third-party repositories here and here.
There still is delay between Discord releases and repository updates so I still believe dynapt to be the better solution.
Personally I need the desktop client because I mod it with plugins that are so useful that I can’t do without these anymore.
Discord client modifications are against the Terms of Service.
gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.en.…
Well, I'm just automating what people currently have to do manually : visit GitHub and download DEB and install DEB.
If the automated process would be dangerous then the manual process also would be, and that would be on the maintainer for not providing an APT repository or a Flatpak, not on the user for just downloading from GitHub.
Well, I’m just automating what people currently have to do manually : visit GitHub and download DEB and install DEB.
Yeah. You should never do that. Like ever. Build from source; or use a vendored tarball.
wiki.debian.org/DontBreakDebia…
.deb is a terribly insecure nightmare thats held up by the excellent debian packagers, gpg , and checksums, and stable release model. don't use .deb files.
I’m and end user
Yeah, we all are. What's your point?
End users are also developers. All computer users are developers. You are developing.
user working for end users
By making a script that lets me get backdoors and shitty packages with ease?
The linux package distribution system is a nightmare, Debian is the least bad approach. There is basically always a better option to using a .deb file. If you come across something that isn't packaged, I recommend Flatpak, building from source (and installing unprivileged), or using the developers vendored tarball (installing unprivileged).
By using local .debs you lose the benefit of:
Reproducible buildsGPG checksums
Stable release model
debian security team
It’s a cool concept, but automation breeds laziness (by design, to an extent) and lazy end users tend to shoot themselves in the foot. So it isn’t great for security, but it also isn’t that much worse for security :)
Since some people with money tend to be litigious, and, of course, I am not a lawyer, I would advise a warning message (or part of the license if you don’t want to muck up your CLI), if you don’t have one, to force the user to accept and acknowledge that the software they are installing using this tool is not verified to be safe.
How is the manual step more secure though ?
What does the user do before downloading a DEB that makes that gap between manual and automated ?
I'd be willing to try and reproduce that, but I don't see anything.
I didn’t say it was more secure, I said it’s about the same.
The difference is a person being forced to go to a website to download software means more steps and more time to consider the safety of what they’re doing. It’s part psychological.
Not all such packages are retrieved from GitHub, I remember downloading numerous .deb files direct over the past 25 years (even as recent as downloading Discord manually some years back).
The main point I’m making is that you should legally protect yourself, it’s a low and reasonable effort.
I didn’t say it was more secure, I said it’s about the same.
You said automation breeds laziness (by design, to an extent) and lazy end users tend to shoot themselves in the foot.
So, my question is : what part of automating download of DEBs from a specific source can be shooting oneself in the foot compared to doing the same thing manually every time ?
you should legally protect yourself
The MIT license will take care of that.
Also, to force the user to accept and acknowledge that the software they are installing using this tool is not verified to be safe is inducing fear and/or guilt, therefore is bad UX, I'm not doing that.
I already answered that first question.
And then all those app store fronts that say whether a flatpak is verified or not is inducing fear and/or guilt and is therefore bad UX. It's not, but you are free to have your opinion.
Have fun then, I'm done wasting my time here.
No matter where you install from, you have to trust the source. Indeed, you have to trust every step in the supply chain.
If you are getting your code straight from the author, you are eliminating an exploit that’s introduced by a compromised account of a packager.
Carry on.
If you are getting your code straight from the author,
Which is not what you are doing at all with a .deb file. A .deb file is a binary with a bunch of scripts to "properly" install your package. Building from source is what you SHOULD be doing.
Debian has an entire policy handbook on how packages are supposed to be packaged. Progrmatically you can review the quality of a package with 'lintian'.
.debs made by developers following a wiki tutorial can't even come close. remember, apt installs happen as root and can execute arbitrary code.
Also, debian packagers can be project maintainers, so they can be "the author."
This is somewhat re-inventing some things Ansible can do, which is download and install software whether it has a formal or informal source.
Ansible is the automation I use to manage personal and professional servers.
Neat project!
While this might not solve all of your use cases, did you consider a tool like mise?
Theres a number of other options out there such as asdf-vm and others who's names I can't recall. I recently moved from asdf to miss but its a great way to install things on different machines and track it with your dotfiles, or any other repo you want to use. Mise has tons of configuration options for allowing overrides and local machine specific versions.
It won't tie into apt for your upgrades but you could just alias your apt update to include && mise up.
Willing to give this a go.
Alright, don't hesitate to ask questions if you have any and request help if you need any
My go-to for getting non-repo debs automatically has been deb-get
Yes, I mentioned it in the Differences with deb-get & AM section of my tutorial.
it seems to go long periods of time between PR merges and releases (which includes adding new software)
Yeah, I could reiterate in that section that my app allows the user to add apps themselves.
Man pages maintenance suspended
From: Alejandro Colomar <alx-AT-kernel.org>
Hi all,
As you know, I've been maintaining the Linux man-pages project for the
last 4 years as a voluntary. I've been doing it in my free time, and no
company has sponsored that work at all. At the moment, I cannot sustain
this work economically any more, and will temporarily and indefinitely
stop working on this project. If any company has interests in the
future of the project, I'd welcome an offer to sponsor my work here; if
so, please let me know.
Have a lovely day!
Alex
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Bruce Perens is currently working on a new licensing model called Post Open requiring that business with sufficient revenue to pay up.
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I believe it's 1% for access to the "entire post-open ecosystem", rather than 1% per project which would be unreasonable. So you could use one or thousands of projects under the Post-open banner, but still pay 1%.
It will take years to develop the post-open ecosystem to be something worth spending that much on.
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It's criminal to let someone do the thing he actively volunteers to do? It's criminal to use software that someone intentionally puts out into the world as free?
If you're willing yo do something for free, people are going to let you 🤷♂️
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The idea that all that work must be paid for by whoever uses it is exactly the opposite of what free software is about.
The free software as a passion project idea became untenable long ago. It works for UNIX style utilities where the project stays small and changes can be managed by one person but breaks down on large projects.
As a user, try to get a feature added or bugfix merged. Its a weeks or sometimes months/years long back and forth trying to get the bikeshedding correct.
As a maintainer, spend time reading and responding to bug reports which are all unrelated to the project. Deal with a few pull requests that don't quite fit the project, but might with more polish. Take a month off and wait for the inevitable "is this being maintained?" Issues reports.
I contribute back changes because I want those features but don't want to maintain a longterm fork of the project. When they're rejected or ignored its demoralizing. I can tell myself "This is the way of open source" but sometimes I just search for another project that better fits my needs rather than trying to work on the one I submitted changes to.
That is the happy path. The sad path of this is how many people look at the aforementioned problems and never bother to submit a pull request because it's too much trouble? Git removed most of the technical friction of contributing, but there is still huge social friction.
Long story short: the man pages maintainer deserves something for all the "work" part of maintaining. He can continue to not be paid for the passion part.
Not really. The problem with FOSS licensing is that it was too altruistic, with the belief that if enough users and corporations depended on the code, the community would collectively do the work necessary to maintain the project. Instead, capitalism chose to exploit FOSS as free labor most of the time, without any reciprocal investment. They raise an enormous amount of issues, and consume a large amount of FOSS developer time, without paying their own staff to fix the bugs they need resolved — in the software their products depend on. At that point the FOSS developer is no longer a FOSS developer, and instead is the unpaid slave labor of a corporation. Sure, FOSS devs could just ignore external inputs, but that's not easy to do when you've invested years of your life in a project. Exploiting kindness may be legal, but it should never be justified or tolerated.
Sure, FOSS licenses legally permit that kind of use, but just because homeless shelters allow anyone to eat their food, and sleep in their beds, that doesn't make the rich man who exploits that charity ethically or morally justified. The rich man who exploits that charity (i.e. free labor), and offers nothing in return, is a scummy dog cunt; there are no two ways about it. The presence of lecherous parasites can destroy the entire charity; they can mean the difference between sustainability and burnout.
FOSS should always be free for all personal, free, and non profit use, but once someone in the chain starts depending on FOSS to generate income and profit, some of that profit should always be reinvested in those dependencies. That's what FOSS is now learning; to reject the exploitation and greed of lecherous parasites.
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I'm a single dude who sells custom electronics with open source software on them. I sell maybe two PCBs a month. It just about covers my hobby, I'm not even living off of it. I can't afford commercial licenses. There has to be tiers.
In return, I've made every schematic, gerber file, and bill of material to my stuff freely available.
I would draw the line at shareholders.
You may use my software free of charge if you are a student, hobbyist, hobbyist with income, side hustler, sole proprietorship, LLC, S-Corp, non-profit, partnership, or other owner-operator type business.
Corporations with investors or shareholders will pay recurring licensing fees. Your shareholders may not profit from my work unless I profit from it more than they do. If you can afford a three inch thick mahogany conference table you can afford to pay for your software.
AGPL? Google has a ban on all AGPL software. Sounds like if you write AGPL software, corporations won't steal it.
Code licensed under the GNU Affero General Public License (AGPL) MUST NOT be used at Google.The license places restrictions on software used over a network which are extremely difficult for Google to comply with. Using AGPL software requires that anything it links to must also be licensed under the AGPL. Even if you think you aren’t linking to anything important, it still presents a huge risk to Google because of how integrated much of our code is. The risks heavily outweigh the benefits.
Any FLOSS license that makes a corporation shit its pants like this is good enough to start from IMO.
I might be misunderstanding the licenses so correct me if wrong.
Can companies use GPL code internally without release as long as the thing written with it doesn't get directly released to the public?
.. or does GPL pollute everything even if used internally for commercial purposes?
I think it kicks in when you distribute. For example, let's say I have a fork of some GPL software and I'm maintaining it for myself. I don't need to share the changes if I'm the only one using it.
The point is that people using a software should be able to read and modify (and share) the source when they want to.
IANAL and all that good stuff
I think its this site? kernel.org/doc/man-pages/
I don't see any option to give money. So he does not accept donations from users like you and me and only asks for sponsorship?
An alternate website can be found here: linux.die.net/man/ However, I don't know how much they differ.
Edit: What I don't like with both of these sites is, that they are powered by Google. I would like to see an alternative engine, at least an option to set it up. That's probably a reason why I never used it and actually wouldn't want to support it.
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You do realize that man pages don’t live on the internet?
What part of my reply is this an answer to? I know we have our man pages offline. But the website here is online and they use Google as a search machine. My critique is using Google and not providing an alternative search machine setup.
The few times I've needed to man [app name] on a system without internet access or on an obscure utility, I've always been able to find what I need in the included docs
I hope the dev eventually gets sponsored, this is one of those utilities that you don't think you need until --help doesn't cut it
Back in the day with dial-up internet man pages, readmes and other included documentation was pretty much the only way to learn anything as www was in it's very early stages. And still 'man ' is way faster than trying to search the same information over the web. Today at the work I needed man page for setfacl (since I still don't remember every command parameters) and I found out that WSL2 Debian on my office workstation does not have command 'man' out of the box and I was more than midly annoyed that I had to search for that.
Of course today it was just a alt+tab to browser, a new tab and a few seconds for results, which most likely consumed enough bandwidth that on dialup it would've taken several hours to download, but it was annoying enough that I'll spend some time at monday to fix this on my laptop.
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10k for a company making millions annually is nothing, 1% or less. But split between some of these projects, especially the less appreciated or funded ones, can be life changing.
But you're unfortunately right
That is part of why you're not a tech CEO. You're not supposed to have compassion! No investor would want that.
P.S. This is an attack on CEOs and investors, not on you :)
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Unfortunately it is still not enough. There have been many instances of people using these licenses and still corporations using their software without giving back, and developers being upset about it.
And unfortunately there are no popular licenses that limit that. I've seen a few here and there, but doesn't seem to be a standard.
AGPL is the most restrictive OSI approved license (of the commonly used ones), but it is still a free (libre) open source license. My understanding is just that the AGPL believes in the end-users rights to access to the open source needs to be maintained and therefore places some burden to make the source available if it it's being run on a server.
In general, companies run away from anything AGPL, however, some companies will get creative with it and make their source available but in a way that is useless without the backend. And even if they don't maliciously comply with the license, they can still charge for their services.
As far as documentation goes, you could license documentation under AGPL, and people could still charge for it. It would just need to be kept available for end-users which i don't think is really a barrier to use for documentation.
some companies will get creative with it and make their source available but in a way that is useless without the backend. And even if they don't maliciously comply with the license, they can still charge for their services.
What is wrong with charging for your services?
Open source licences aren't meant to make it impossible to earn money or anything. As long as companies comply with the licences I don't see anything wrong with it.
If a licence wants to make it impossible to earn money they should put that in the actual licence.
No. I said even if they don't maliciously comply with the license [by making the open sourced code unusable without the backend code or some other means outside of scope of this conversation] then they can charge for it.
The malicous part is in brackets in the above paragraph. The license is an OSI approved license that allows commercialization, it would be stupid for me to call that malicious.
Yes, but how is it malicious to comply with the license? If the license doesn't require the code to be usable without a backend they have fully complied. Does the license even require usable code at all?
As long as they give the source code they are required to give I don't see any problem with it.
The difference is that commercialization is inherent with a free (libre) open source license. Whereas going against the intent, but still legally gray area, is imo malicious compliance because it circumvents what the license was intended to solve in the first place.
But that's all i really care to add to this convo, since my initial comment my intent was just to say that the AGPLv3 license does not stop corporations from getting free stuff and being able to charge for it-- especially documentation. Have a good one
It is my understanding that the only difference applies to hosted software. For example, Lemmy is AGPL. If it were GPL, then a company could take the source code, modify it and host their own version without open sourcing their modifications. AGPL extends to freedoms of GPL to users of hosted software as well.
A real example of this would be truth social which is modified Mastodon and as AGPL those modifications are required to be open source as well.
My old employer used to have people on staff just for technical writing. Some of that writing became the man pages you know, and some of it was 'just' documentation for commercial products - ID management and the like.
Then we sued IBM for breach of contract, and if you ask anyone about it they'll parrot the IBM PR themes exactly, as their PR work was brutal. People in Usenet and Forums were very mean, and the company decided to stop offering much of the stuff that it was for free. It was very 'f this'.
If man pages needed a volunteer to maintain, I know why ours tapered off.
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Mounting ssd causes graphics glitch during liveboot
I tried to install Arch Linux on my old faithful latitude 7490. After partitioning and formatting the drive I tried to mount the root partition and got this random glitch. When I unmount it the glitch stops. Maybe my laptop is trying to tell me I'm not ready for Arch 😅
I haven't seen something like this before so I thought I'd share.
In the video:
The screen of a laptop showing Arch Linux liveboot terminal. After creating partition table and formatting the partitions. I try to mount thebroot partition to the liveboot filesystem. The mounting succeeds but the text on the screen starts to shift andnjump eratically. Looks like the whole image shifts. Then I try unmounting the partition and the screen goes back to normal.
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Absolutely loving Linux btw
Couldn't run Windows 7, and Windows 10 ran like shit. My old PC basically got a second life with Linux.
This is Half-Life GOTY running on Wine, runs really smooth.
The only downside is lack of directX support, OpenGL is there but the integrated graphics card only supports till OpenGL 2.1, which is not enough for many things, and also slower than directX. Still, my PC feels much faster now, and doesn't scream like a demon whenever I open up a browser :)
(Maybe I should dual boot Win7(While never connecting it to the web), just to play some more games with DirectX?)
Also, my local hospital has started using Ubuntu, their old PCs also couldn't handle the heavy burden of running Windows I guess 🤣
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I believe that VKD3D can give you directx support. Proton should be able to run most games these days, which is essentially a bundle of wine + vkd3d and other things. This is what valve created to run games on steam on linux/steamdeck. protondb.com/ shows what is able to run on it and it is most things that do not have some form of incompatible anticheat.
You might have more luck not using wine directly (if that is what you are doing) and using things like steam (you can add external games to it to run them in a proton context) or lutris or heroic games launcher.
When is this hardware from? 2010?
I have been using a 2013 MacBook Air recently that has Intel integrated graphics and have actually run a few Steam games in it. I also use a 2008 iMac but it actually has a dedicated GPU so that does not help with your hardware.
Even my old stuff has more than 4 MB of RAM though. That would be hassle these days.
I love running Linux on old kit. Way to go.
I really like Bottles. I also tried Lutris for Battlenet which worked really well.
I don't know all the differences between them though.
Here's an anecdote. Recently, I got a 14yo (I believe) MSI MS-AC73 AIO (i3-2120, 4GB DDR3, 120GB SSD), mostly to use as a 1080p display, but it had a free PC inside as a bonus. For shits and giggles I started installing different OSes on it. First was XP. finding drivers was a pain but doable, since the machine is old af. But no matter what I did, Intel GPU control panel didn't want to center 3:4 games properly.
Since it wasn't working so well, I decided to go the opposite side of the spectrum and install W11, to see how horrible it would be. After many hours of convincing W11 to install on this machine (which is surprisingly not Copilot+ compliant), I finally got it to boot with a local account, with all devices recognized (including the touch screen). MFW when it runs pretty decently all things considered. I went ahead and removed all the extra crap using CTT Debloater. Played a couple retro PC games, installed FF and watched some YT, which manages to run at 1080p without dropped frames.
Now, of course, I decided to dualboot Linux, cause duh. Picked the latest Manjaro (KDE), hoping it will handle games better in case I try anything (might be an uneducated choice). Install is much easier, of course, but everything also works out of the box. My disappointment when same FF massively drops frames on YT. Touch controls technically work, but it doesn't show the touch locations and other minor issues.
In the end, I mostly use the neutered W11 (too lazy to downgrade to W10), cause it plays videos much better and W95-98 games. But if somebody can tell me how to fix Linux video playback issues, that would be great, as I want to make it my Linux daily driver.
Now I have better context. Maybe I'll go with U.S.R.
usr did originally mean user and held user data.
Pretty sure this is a bacronym
usr does mean user. It was the place for user managed stuff originally. The home directory used to be a sub directory of the usr directory.
The meaning and purpose of unix directories has very organically evolved. Heck, it's still evolving. For example, the new .config directory in the home directory.
There's a little historical baggage, but look at Windows: multiple letters for drives, and all of the paths can be modified, so you have to ask Windows where any important directory is physically mapped (like SystemRoot or Documents or Temp or Roaming AppData or many others), because it doesn't have this nice consistent structure like Linux. Linux presents a logical layer and manages the physical location automatically. Windows makes you do the logical lookup yourself, but doesn't enforce it, so inexperienced programmers make assumptions and put stuff where the path usually is.
That's part of why logging in to Windows over a slow connection can take forever if you have a bunch of Electron apps installed: they've mismapped their temp/cache directory under the Roaming AppData, so it gets synched at every login, often GiB of data, and they refuse to fix it.
/mnt/elyssa and in every DE and distro I tried it appeared as a removable drive with the "eject" button. Right now I use Fedora with Gnome and if I install this extension or enable the removable drives option in Dash to Dock, it shows me that drive. Maybe some mount option in Gnome Disks, but since it's not that big of a problem, I haven't looked too much into it.
For example, the new .config directory in the home directory.
I hope slowly but surely no program will ever dump its config(s) as ~/.xyz.conf (or even worse in a program specific ~/.thisapp/;
The ~/.config/ scheme works as long as the programs don't repeat the bad way of dumping files as ~/.config/thisconfig.txt. (I'm looking at you kde folks..) A unique dir in .config directory should be mandatory.
If I ever need to shed some cruft accumulated over the years in ~/.config/ this would make it a lot easier.
permanently attached USB SSDs are supposed to be mounted
Just mount them somewhere under / device, so if a disk/mount fails the mounts depended on the path can´t also fail.
I keep my permanent mounts at /media/and I have a udev rule, that all auto mounted media goes there, so /mnt stays empty. A funny case is that my projects BTRFS sub-volume also is mounted this way, although it is technically on the same device.
It's not wrong, but it feels a bit like some tech articles you'll see which are obviously just created to fluff up a CV. I wouldn't say avyttring here is flat out wrong, just kinda... lacking.
But yeah, /boot holds "system boot loader files", sure, but that's a bit vague. It should contain your kernel and initramcpio and IIRC Grub also had its config here. That's pretty much it. I would've rather said /boot contains the kernel.
"device files" it's so vague that it's almost wrong IMO. At first glaze I would've thought that it means drivers rather than, say, "interfaces to devices"
I switched to Linux a few years ago and you are not wrong.
Windows is a nightmare with directory organization.
Saved games can go:
- My Documents/
- My Documents/Games
- My Documents/My Games
- /saved-games
c:/users/username/appdata/local/developer/game/engine/data3/saves/profile0/epe90_cats90-slot203.nonstandardfileformat
Would like an easy way to remember.
- mnt = mount
- opt = optional ?
- etc = etcetera ?
- proc = process ?
- srv = server ?
- var = variable ?
/srv stands probably for serve as in serving static files like static websites. (Source)
More information here: refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/F…
Or I guess technically some other standard could define it like the infographic, but the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard defines it as a secondary hierarchy specifically for user data.
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It did, let me explain:
On the original (ie Thompson and Ritchie at Bell in 1969-71), I think it was a PDP-11, they installed to a 512kb hard disk.
As their "stuff" grew they needed to sprawl the OS to another drive, so they mounted it under /usr and threw OS components that didn't fit.
landley.net/writing/unixpaths.…
I've done the same, outgrew so you mount under a tree to keep going, it just never became a historical artifact.
Wow. Talk about ways to skin a cat.
I mount mine to /media using autofs.
I was, at one point, using /mnt but ran in to some situation that Proxmox didn't like that involved bind mounts (can't remember what) and shifted them all over to /media.
It meant user, as in user-installed programs and libraries for this system over the core system programs and libraries of the operating system in /bin and /lib.
Someone learned it wrong, but otherwise I think the image is right.
Danke!
This image shows how the system stores it's own stuff. Your junk will go in /home/mtchristo/whatever you want.
If you don't like that, you can do whatever you want. Linux will let you.
Think of it like in Windows where you have this structure.
That's an old image, though - Windows has a C:\Users\youruser setup like /home/youruser for a while now.
I find the %APPDATA% thing way less convenient than ~/.config and I'm quite happy when programs have the "bug" that they still use ~/.config on Windows.
You can just create partitions and mount them at whatever path you like.
Hell, you can do /c/not/sure/why/you/like/this/better/clownfarts_penis
When you run git-bash from an install of the git suite, that's a valid pathname.
Oh. Just on my system?
You can absolutely do this. You can mount partitions anywhere off of /
I have 5 drives in a system and I mount them as /storage1 through /storage5
Edit: Thank you, found it on your shared link ! 😄
Oh wow thank you ! Would it be to much to ask for a dark mode version? If there's a one hit button to change into a more eye friendly color mode :)
Either way, thank your for sharing your work :))
So where are programs installed?
I was playing with Linux the other day and installed something and was tearing my hair out trying to find where the exe or whatever was to launch the damn program.
None of the folders made any sense to me.
Toronto tenants fight rent increase, argue landlord is partially using it to cover redevelopment costs
Tenants of a Toronto apartment complex are fighting an application for an above-guideline increase to their rent, because nearly half of it is covering an environmental assessment that's typically used to help the landlord sell or redevelop the property.
The application was filed during the 2021 pandemic rent freeze for a 3.81 per cent AGI to cover roughly $647,000 in expenses from replacing a boiler, roof, paving and for "site remediation."
But according to records submitted in support of the application, it appears only about $26,800 of the $295,373.72 claimed for "site remediation" was spent on disposing contaminated soil found under the parking lot. That was in spite of an assessment finding that the soil wouldn't pose a health concern to residents, unless the property were redeveloped.
The remainder of expenses claimed as site remediation went toward the costs of a geo-environmental investigation and assessment of the site, according to engineering reports and invoices submitted with the application.
Erm technically that's the air pushing not the vacuum sucking 🤓
- Neil DeGrasse Tyson, probably
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“massaging tartrazine solution into hairless mouse skin over the course of a few minutes or using microneedling achieves “complete optical transparency in the red region of the visible spectrum”
I know it didn’t happen this way but I like to believe it was someone having their unwashed dorito fingers after lunch, decided to massage a mouse for several minutes, and figuring this out
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Doritos suck. Oh they might say HOT but what they really mean is: pussy ass chip.
I miss Paqie ghost pepper chips. Fucking Hersheys ....
“We strongly discourage attempting this on human skin, as the toxicology of dye molecules in humans, particularly when applied topically, has not been fully evaluated,” he tells Popular Science.
I feel like it's only a matter of time before this becomes a TikTok trend.
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I'd think a fracture big enough to be a problem would be immediately apparent, but if it's just a hairline, this probably isn't clear enough to show it...
OTOH, if you're around Portland, I know a super good podiatrist.
realtor.com/apartments/Portlan…
It can be done! Keep in mind too, I bet our wages are higher than TN too + no sales tax.
Wtaf, how are the prices in Portland better than in my little hick town in Tennessee? Jeeze
Just looked it up, and I'll make almost exactly 3 more dollars an hour, too. Honestly, this is worth genuinely considering
Ocean is about an hour away to the west, OTOH there's a giant volcano an hour to the east.
Bonus, Portland has a dormant volcano inside city limits:
Maybe not falling into the ocean, but does the idea of earth quakes, like "the big one" ever freak you out? I'd imagine I'd get used to little ones pretty quick, but the society-collapsing earthquake built up in my brain is very scary! Lol
Also, contacted my work and asked about transferring out there. We might actually be doing this!
PM me if you come out! I know a great podiatrist! We actually just saw him today!
Earthquakes are infrequent. I've felt a couple. More of a deal if you're at the coast because they have tsunami alarms. Feels like a big truck driving behind you.
Oh, and it's always "the coast", not "the beach". People don't really "go to the beach" like in California, LOL:
It's way, way too cold most of the year.
There are also dangers like sneaker logs. I love the coast and visit it when I can, but when you're a kid growing up here they always teach you "Don't turn your back to the ocean" because it has no pity and can and will straight up kill you.
weather.gov/safety/ripcurrent-…
"The coastline of Northern California, Oregon and Washington State are steep, tree lined, and have cold to frigid water temperatures. These beaches are quite unlike the flat, broad beaches of Southern California with their inviting warm water temperatures. The steep slopes of the Northwest’s coastlines are much more likely to cause sneaker waves; the trees that line the cliffs can wind up in the swift ocean currents running along the shoreline; while the cold to frigid temperatures, depending on the season, can induce cold water paralysis for anyone caught in these northwestern ocean waters.
While in Southern California people at the beach are in bathing suits or light summer clothes wading and swimming in warm waters with open beaches, in contrast in the North they wear heavier clothes, coats, shoes, and boots due to the cooler temperatures and in autumn and winter those waters are frigid. Encounters with the waves in Southern California, with its warm water temperatures and broad beaches, might simply knock a person over on the beach, but in the North the cold water temperatures could induce cold water paralysis rendering the individual helpless to escape the pull of the receding wave returning to the ocean.
Always respect the ocean on the beaches of the North Coast of California, Oregon, Washington with their steep, rugged tree lined coasts, and frigid ocean temperatures."
Tons of rivers and lakes, but you still have to be careful. Generally folks are out on the first hot day of the year and forget the water is still 50°. LOL.
There's this place called "High Rocks" and every year people are like "Well, start the clock until the first drowning..."
Things absorbed through the skin may be in a different state when they reach your bloodstream than things that are ingested. The process of digestion can break down a lot of things that would otherwise be harmful, but aren't similarly filtered when absorbed through the skin.
It's also why some medicines are taken by swallowing a pill, and some are taken by dissolving a tablet under your tongue.
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Some glow in the dark chemicals are called phosphors, and while they're named after phosphorus, they usually do not contain any phosphorus, zinc sulfide for example. These are the kinds of things you might find on a watch face or stickers or whatever that need to absorb light from some other source first.
To make it even more confusing, phosphorus isn't actually phosphorescent, its glow is from chemiluminescence, the result of a chemical reaction.
And for what it's worth, stuff that glows under a black light is fluorescent.
I don't think phosphorus has ever been used for glowing tattoos, and if it was I'm pretty sure no one is still using it. We're well outside of my realm of expertise, but it should also be considered that how a chemical enters your body can make a difference in how toxic it is too, there's a whole lot of chemistry at work in your body, and ingesting something and absorbing it through digestion isn't necessarily going to have the same effect as absorbing it through your skin, there's a reason different medications have to be taken oral, allowed to dissolve under your tongue, given as a suppository, intravenously, intramuscularly, subdermally, etc. that said, I'm pretty sure phosphorus is bad no matter how you put it into someone's body.
So, I skimmed the article and may have missed it. Why is this anything more that tinkering with and (maybe torturing) mice? What's the actual scientific value here? (Assuming invisibility potion wasn't an actual goal)
Perhaps medical dyes for imaging?
What's the actual scientific value here?
Transparent mice with multiple butts
Some of us can't be trusted with such power. I would personally use invisibility to switch items in people's coat pockets. Keys always in the left? Well now they're in the right pocket!
Total anarchy.
wait till you find out what redbull offers
the ultimate question: Flight or Invisibility ?
Why not both?
I'll just pound redbulls and doritos until I become a ghost. Shouldn't take long, I'd expect.
perhaps it’s worded that way for legal reasons? maybe if they flat out said it was non-toxic, and then it turned out that they were wrong, someone could sue them.
i am sure it’s the same sort of idea behind posting a video of someone committing a crime on camera, they use the word “allegedly”
dunno; not a lawyer
Yellow 5 is super common (in the US) for things that go inside our bodies. Doritos, Mt Dew, probably Red Bull. When we were kids there was a rumor that it would shrink your dick haha.
Read the ingredients on stuff the next few days and take note of how often you see it. It's probably why they chose it as one of the test substances. It's relatively safe to eat.
What is unknown is how dangerous it is to absorb large amounts into someone's skin.
It's like the illegal weed vape pen issue years ago. People would cut the product with vitamin e to thicken it and also make more money. Vitamin E is safe for human consumption. Turns out its vapor is terrible for lungs. It's quite unsafe for that kind of consumption.
[SOLVED: BAD LOGIN] Can't connect to WPA2-EAP on Fedora Kinoite
cross-posted from: lemmy.zip/post/22209812
EDIT: Turns out my login information was slightly wrong, and had nothing to do with security.My school uses EAP for its student WiFi, but there's no option for "EAP" security (PEAP, LEAP and every other option in KDE's WiFi security settings wouldn't connect). I'm pretty sure there was an option for EAP on Linux Lite (my previous OS before kinoite) which connected successfully. Is it possible to use EAP in Kinoite, and how do I enable/use it?
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EAP is a wrapper for a bunch of different protocols. EAP-MSCHAPv2, EAP-TLS, etc. If you have access to the network settings on a Windows machine you may be able to get more information there.
Also, try stack exchange: askubuntu.com/questions/279762…
You probably want Peap. I don't belieave you can't do EAP by itself. Go to your schools help page for the correct information.
Also since you are on Lemmy.zip, I do run a Linux question community !Linuxquestions@lemmy.zip
The Theory That Men Evolved to Hunt and Women Evolved to Gather Is Wrong
The Theory That Men Evolved to Hunt and Women Evolved to Gather Is Wrong
The influential idea that in the past men were hunters and women were not isn’t supported by the available evidenceCara Ocobock (Scientific American)
There's also this:
The fact that women perform at parity in ultra marathons doesn't invalidate the very obvious differences in speed, strength, and stamina between biological males and females. Muscle and bone density alone account for a lot of that.
Better doesn't always equal faster.
Better can equal going further.
Better can equal being more efficient.
Efficient means using less calories to do the same thing.
Persistence hunters today do track their prey, and often have to guess where the prey may have gone when the tracks are lost.
I wouldn’t consider 9% to be that large in this context. Certainly a difference that would be overshadowed by individual variation.
Even if we assume women are physiologically 9% slower at persistence hunting (which that statistic is far from proving) it still suggests they could and likely were successful at it, albeit maybe not the very best.
The fastest marathon time for men is 2 hours 1 minute and for women it is 2 hours 14 minutes.
"Fastest" does not mean the best endurance. You would be looking at the "longest".
Naked and Afraid and Women Who Hunt
Sounds like a very ...interesting show.
Meh...call me when a woman holds the world record for a marathon. It might happen in the next 100 years, but I strongly doubt it.
What bugs the shit out of me about all this...of course women hunted in times of need. They also hunted small game to help the tribe as needed.
I don't think that disrupts the overarching narrative of the male hunter and female gatherer. It's a general rule rather than a law.
So your theory is that women were the hunters, because they're faster after 200 miles? These people walked like 10-20 miles a day, and had to carry the food back home so that everyone else could eat. You imagine them going on month-long expeditions, carrying dead animals for 2 weeks back home? Are they also carrying mini fridges to keep the meat from spoiling?
I'm trying to even, but I can't.
That's not my theory. That's the data.
One interpretation could be that women were constantly engaged in strenuous endurance activities and so through evolution built up tolerances against exhaustion that at least rivals if not exceeds that of men. And one historical activity that used a lot of stamina and took a lot of tolerance against fatigue was the way in which ancient humans hunted.
That's not what a theory is, it's a hypothesis at best, hope that helped.
Yeah long term endurance hunting sounds like "bad hunting". You use up more calories, the prey expends more calories, you waste a whole day walking around in dangerous terrain and then you have to carry back the meat all the way back.
So even if their claims of greater female stamina bears out this would presumably only show that women can hunt better in certain worst case disciplines.
How does this make sense or am I missing something?
the world record
Nobody needed to be a world class athlete in order to sustain themselves through hunting, that's what the spears were for. Human sexual dimorphism is a lot more minor than what most people assume.
Human sexual dimorphism is a lot more minor than what most people assume.
This makes sense, but do you have any readings or evidence on the matter?
I just don’t think the evidence that supports this idea is very strong at all. Like maybe men on average did more hunting than women, but I haven’t seen any evidence to support this framing that women only hunted in times of need.
Unfortunately, it’s very difficult to know much for certain about the culture of prehistoric humans. But there is strong circumstantial evidence, like women buried with hunting implements, etc. which suggests that female hunters were prominent in at least some cultures.
This has nothing to do with toxic masculinity, i'd rather sit in a village and collect berries and cook than go hunting.
There will certainly be areas where the trail disappears, but tracking isn’t necessarily about locating every individual footfall.
With an understanding of movement and behavior, one can make inferences about where the animal went to find and follow the next sign.
Even moving over rock or packed soil, sign is left. You may not be able to perceive it yourself, but to someone who spends hours a day reading and studying the ground over the span of years, those subtle differences are perceptible.
An animal will eventually reach a place to stop and rest, but with repeated interruption that rest won’t count for much.
Women were first allowed to compete in marathons in 1972. In 1972 the men's record was 2:10:30. The current record is 2:00:35 which is about an 8% difference. Pretty close to the difference between men and women currently.
The first women's record was 3:40:22 and the current women's record is 2:11:53.11 which is 40% faster.
Once funding for women's athletics reaches parity and once girls are encouraged into athletics as much as boys, then we will see if the ladies catch up. So far they're doing a pretty good job catching up, and you can't look at one current window in time and say you have the answer, you need to look at trends.
The fastest marathon time for men is 2 hours 1 minute and for women it is 2 hours 14 minutes.
It's an unacceptable leap in logic to infer (from that statement) anything about populations of men and women. You've picked only a single sample from each population and chosen that highly biased representative.
Maybe women hunted, probably they did, maybe they didn't. Being able to run 100+ miles is freaking cool and great.
You DONT ENDURANCE HUNT into the next state. This is shit "evidence" of anything. It does not matter if you can lift 25% of not very much 2000% more than someone else can lift 25% of a lot, or if you can walk until 8 days from now and be less tired than someone else.
The premise is probably true that men and women both hunted, but endurance++ isn't a cut and dry argument for being a good huntress.
I've just come to notice that most men don't do a little squeal when startled, but women do. I just notice these things and I'm curious why there's a difference.
Startled by something happening around them. My example was a car accident happening somewhere in the same street, like one car hitting the other at slow speed.
You maliciously assuming there is a different motivation behind my comments is what's the actual problem here. I see people acting like this all the time, thinking in extremes like everything is either black or white, no gray areas. Not giving others the benefit of the doubt. I can tell you this is what's wrong with the world. All this tribalism and taking everything as an insult or an act of malice.
People like you can go fuck right off.
Not true, the fight or flight response is an automatic response of the nervous system.
The fight-or-flight or the fight-flight-freeze-or-fawn[1] (also called hyperarousal or the acute stress response) is a physiological reaction that occurs in response to a perceived harmful event, attack, or threat to survival.
I've heard the female screech pretty much all over western societies. I hardly ever hear men do that. So I was just wondering.
As an autistic person, noises trigger me, and that's why I noticed females doing it more than males.
If it is conditioning, it's something particular to western society, I suppose.
Or have you never heard women do a little squal when startled? Most women seem to do that, while most men seem not to.
I'm just curious why there is a difference.
I'm a man and I scream when something scary and surprising or unstoppable happens.
I remember a couple of years ago, I was getting breakfast, half asleep, and out of the corner of my eye, a mouse climbed down the kitchen cabinet and ran under the stove and I had no idea what it was at first, just some moving blob, and it scared the shit out of me and I screamed like a child.
No shit it's wrong. Has anyone ever gone hiking with a bitch? They have no sense of direction, only way I'd send one out to ~~gather~~ do literally anything is if I didn't mind ~~her~~ him not finding ~~her~~ his way back.
FTFY
Well.. many of the younger women would be constantly pregnant back then, and engaged in communal child rearing. So they are going to be spending less time on mammoth hunts.
Ancient people's also worked way less than we do now.
It seems obvious that some of the women would be better hunters than some of the men. But that only suggests that too much specialization was bad, not that there wasn't any specialization at all. So headline seems wrong.
Also persistent hunting seems like the most inefficient type of hunting. You exhaust yourself and the prey and loose calories, the time it takes, traveling far over unknown terrain and then having to carry it all the way back and beware other predators. Is the argument that women are best at "shitty hunting"?
I imagine you'd track an animal, get close, throw spear, miss, keep tracking the animal. And if they haven't invented the spear yet, can they even be called human?
Can you please show us what connects your data to being a success as an endurance hunter? Because "men hold more records running a specific distance faster than women do" is not in any way an indication of hunting success.
Do you think Olympic target shooters make the best hunters when it comes to guns and bows?
How many marathons are run in a weaving path on uneven ground full of underbrush while trying to keep up with an animal that could potentially go in any direction at any time in the hopes that it will get tired before you do?
Because otherwise this marathon measurement is silly.
We have these things called binoculars, telescopes, cameras and drones. All of which are able to observe subjects from a safe distance.
Binoculars, telescopes and cameras will tell you little about what islanders are doing inside the forest where they hunt if you are using them from the ocean. Drones flying over Sentinel Island would violate Indian law and whoever did it would be in huge trouble. Their data would likely be disregarded due to the ethical issues.
On top of that, if they heard a drone coming, they might just change what they normally do.
Like these people. Hunting becomes less of an issue suddenly when there's a flying threat.
A marathon is not a speed race. It is a 42 km endurance race, similar to endurance hunters would have done on, say, the plains of Africa.
The vast majority of people today would be unable to finish even a half marathon without collapsing due to utter and complete exhaustion.
Another factor is, with endurance hunting, you will need to carry the carcass back to home base. So let's take am antelope, which weighs 125 kg. You need the hunters to bring that all back to base, AFTER the multi kilometer hunt is over.
However, as far as portaging, women are very adept at that:
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head-c…
Olympic shooters would make the absolute worst hunters, have you actually seen them shoot? It's a test of hand eye coordination to hit a paper target.
The theory proposes that hunting was a major driver of human evolution and that men carried this activity out to the exclusion of women. It holds that human ancestors had a division of labor, rooted in biological differences between males and females, in which males evolved to hunt and provide and females tended to children and domestic duties. It assumes that males are physically superior to females and that pregnancy and child-rearing reduce or eliminate a female's ability to hunt.
Oh boy, what a load of bullshit to start an article that may very well have a solid point. I lost all interest in reading at this paragraph.
"It holds" - as if there was only one theory - and everyone who believes that men were mostly hunters and women mostly gatherers would be guilty of the assumptions mentioned thereafter.
I, for one, only ever heard that due to men mostly hunting (because women were busy with children), men evolved to have a better perception of moving images e.g. small movements of prey in hiding, and women evolved to have a better perception of details of inanimate objects (e.g. finding things to forage). And that explanation - while not necessarily correct - made sense, and is in no way the sexist bullshit that the article insinuates.
The author of that article is not doing feminism a favor by basically alleging "all who believe men evolved to hunt and women to gather are chauvinists".
it is just an example how gender stuff infitrates siences like archeology and anthropology.
"It assumes that males are physically superior to females"
I hate how this is presented. I have vitamin deficency and i am really weak and lost a lot of weight, but i am still able to lift objects most women would not get of the ground. I weigh 64 kilos. that is not that much for a man.
this does not make me superior. it is just like it is.
I want to know how women like it to hunt while pregnant, having a baby on their hip, or small whiny children in tow.
give me a break. men evolved to hunters because the women told them to hunt.
they did not want to have them sit around and chew the fat with the children.
show me ONE women who says the she is worse than her husband in child rearing.
right, that will never ever happen. maybe if we have a drug addict or a severely cancer ridden person, but no.
women will die to have their children around. they will not go hunting if there is someone else that wants to do it.
but this is what I complain about. but yeah, i went over the rails, you are right. you have a point.
in that other thread, i mean, where the crosspost is, they talked a lot about patriarchy and stuff.
and i wondered: if women in the past were hunting and thus using their skill like men do and yada yada, not gender roles like today and stuff, does that mean that there was no patriarchy back then?
and i wondered: if women in the past were hunting and thus using their skill like men do and yada yada, not gender roles like today and stuff, does that mean that there was no patriarchy back then?
But you asked exactly that - and I gave you examples of women that "were hunting and thus using their skill" and there was no patriarchy in some of those systems - even into the present.
Also - let's be real - most men nowadays who talk about "men hunting" are fat slobs who couldn't hunt a chicken with a limp ;)
No, i asked for the past. ancient times.
most men nowadays who talk about “men hunting” are fat slobs who couldn’t hunt a chicken with a limp ;)
thats sounds like anectdotal evidence 
What's the best way to mount hard drives so that all users can access them at all times? Mint 22
Update: I managed to get it working with the answers from @Max_P@lemmy.max-p.me and this link:
zdnet.com/article/how-to-perma…
I've just installed Mint 22 on my laptop, and I've got two storage drives alongside my main drive. I want these drives to be available to all users on boot, and to be readable and writable. At the moment they're treated as removable drives, and are mounted under the individual user. As a result, any permissions that I'm setting as the owner are not sticking when they're mounted by another user.
The first drive is synced with my main PC through Syncthing, and is synced to Onedrive from there. The second drive is my music, podcasts, and audiobooks, which are all synced through Syncthing only. I'm the only person using the laptop and accessing any of these files, so I'm not bothered about the wrong user accidentally opening them.
I've read some posts about editing fstab to mount them at startup, but they don't cover whether the drives will be available to other users or not. Can I just add them to fstab and mount them somewhere that's available to all users, then sort out the permissions? If so, where's the best place to put them?
Thanks in advance :)
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I've read some posts about editing fstab to mount them at startup, but they don't cover whether the drives will be available to other users or not. Can I just add them to fstab and mount them somewhere that's available to all users, then sort out the permissions? If so, where's the best place to put them?
Yes pretty much. It just explicitly tells the system where to mount it, and for some filesystems you can even force the UID/GID and modes.
Usually /mnt/whatever for static mounts and /media/whatever for removable mounts (those appear as drives in file managers, whereas /mnt doesn't). You can set the users option in fstab and it'll let users mount and unmount it without sudo as well, or auto to always mount it on boot.
From there usually you can make a shared group, chown the mount to root:thatgroup, then chmod g+s to make sure the group is inherited. And you should mostly be good to go.
That's brilliant, thank you :)
Usually/mnt/whateverfor static mounts and/media/whateverfor removable mounts (those appear as drives in file managers, whereas /mnt doesn't).
Just to check, if I mount the drives under /media, will that still treat them as removable, or will they appear as permanent drives?
users in the option it shouldn't be unmountable.
Thanks for replying :)
I managed to get it working with the answers from @Max_P@lemmy.max-p.me and this link:
zdnet.com/article/how-to-perma…
I must have been testing it when you answered :)
i'm pretty excited for fedify since i'm unsure if there has been any other activitypub abstraction that feels as comprehensive as it seems right now (from a brief skim, anyway).
one thing i had in mind ever since i first skimmed the docs some time ago is this:
federation.setActorDispatcher("/users/{handle}", async (ctx, handle) => {i would really recommend you to NOT tell people to use handles here. i assume this is just naming and the framework doesn't actually require a handle there, but documentation matters and if you follow on the footsteps of mastodon, pleroma, lemmy, and friends everyone who follows your docs will lose the ability to change usernames down the line without more pain than it's worth (and yes, there are software out there that allow it right now! please do not build fedi software assuming usernames are immutable jsut because mastodon doesn't let people do it)
just like how you wouldn't use a natural key in a database, you should tell people to use a surrogate key like an autoincrement id or a uuid on the actor IDs, as they're effectively permanent. while it may be probably fine for a quickstart thing like this to omit that, a lot of permanent codebases do start up by following these kinds of guides, and nudging people to do the correct thing when it's not that hard is always a good idea IMO
In the next version of #Fedify, it will allow you to decouple actor URIs from WebFinger usernames with the mapHandle() method. For example, you can use UUIDs for actor URIs but let users use their own username of choice for their fediverse handle.
Linutil is a distro-agnostic toolbox designed to simplify everyday Linux tasks.
GitHub - ChrisTitusTech/linutil: Chris Titus Tech's Linux Toolbox - Linutil is a distro-agnostic toolbox designed to simplify everyday Linux tasks.
Chris Titus Tech's Linux Toolbox - Linutil is a distro-agnostic toolbox designed to simplify everyday Linux tasks. - ChrisTitusTech/linutilGitHub
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Lets go through the summary and see if anything is wrong or misleading:
Linutil is a distro-agnostic toolbox designed to simplify everyday Linux tasks. It helps you set up applications and optimize your system for specific use cases. The utility is actively developed in Rust 🦀, providing performance and reliability.
- It is not distro agnostic. There is Arch and Fedora specific code, which are not separated into modules, but part of other scripts. Outside of the package manager, it also relies heavily on systemd.
- Installing "Diablo II Resurrected loot filters" is not an "everyday task". A lot of other scripts are similar, very specific, "one time use" things, not "everyday tasks".
- helps you set up applications, maybe, but only if you count running
sudo pacman -S networkmanageras "helping", even when it ignores existing network configuration. - "optimize your system for specific use cases", it does nothing of the sort. There's no kernel parameter tweaking, no other cpu scheduler, no IO options being changed, or anything remotely similar.
- "The utility is actively developed in Rust" except for the ~70% that is shell scripts. (according to GitHub)
- "Providing performance and reliability", which is not something that's determined by the programming language.
So lets revise the short description, to exclude any incorrect/misleading statements:
Linutil is a toolbox. The utility is actively developed.
Alongside all that, the "installation instructions" include the biggest sin of all:
curl -fsSL https://christitus.com/linux | sh
TL;DR Never trust Chris Titus, or any "Linux YouTuber", with your Linux machine. They do not know what the hell they're doing.
Titus is fairly trustable (he's made a few videos on the dangers of custom Windows ISOs like AtlasOS) but the thing is written in good chunks with AI assisted development and it's also the dude's Rust learning experience as well, so the code is not great. Parts of it are meant to run under ArchISO to install Arch (another sin, an automatic Arch installer) so it makes sense to want to just one-liner download and run the prebuilt binary.
I wouldn't use it personally but his audience is for it. It targets quick and easy, not proper and secure. It's mostly meant to easily install and clone his setup, it's too early in development to really be that useful for everyone.
On the winutil side he also does the | iex PowerShell sin, but the toolbox do be really useful to debloat a Windows install.
Titus is fairly trustable
Like winutil, which installs from one day to another Chocolatey without asking? No, thanks no.
Decentralized P2P Webapp
live app: chat.positive-intentions.com
im aiming to make it as secure as theoretically possible. for transparency, its an open source unminified webapp. id like the experience to be as close to possible to a regular chat app. there are known limitations with what is possible with p2p and webapps. my priority is privacy and security.
to keep this post brief, please take a look at this article. it has all the information and links. im not much of a writer, so feel free to reach out for clarity. i go into some details about the privacy and security aspects of the app in this lemmy post.
i dont think its ready to replace any app or service, but id love to get feedback on what you think would make it so you would use it more than once.
- github: positive-intentions/chat
- subreddit: r/positive_intentions
GitHub - positive-intentions/chat: Decentralized chat
Decentralized chat. Contribute to positive-intentions/chat development by creating an account on GitHub.GitHub
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blockchain warning.
also requires a TURN server (not provided, no good free ones exist, no easy interface to configure your own) if you are behind CG or symmetric NAT like many people in the world.
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Porting systemd to musl libc-powered Linux
I have completed an initial new port of systemd to musl. This patch set does not share much in common with the existing OpenEmbedded patchset. I wanted to make a fully updated patch series targeting more current releases of systemd and musl, taking advantage of the latest features and updates in both. I also took a focus on writing patches that could be sent for consideration of inclusion upstream.The final result is a system that appears to be surprisingly reliable considering the newness of the port, and very fast to boot.
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And that is how I became the first person alive to see systemd passing its entire test suite on a big-endian 64-bit PowerPC musl libc system.
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While the system works really well, and boots in 1/3rd the time of OpenRC on the same system, it isn’t ready for prime time just yet.
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There aren’t any service unit files written or packaged yet, other than OpenSSH and utmps. We are working with our sponsor on an effort to add -systemd split packages to any of the packages with -openrc splits. We should be able to rely on upstream units where present, and lean on Gentoo and Fedora’s systemd experts to have good base files to reference when needed. I’ve already landed support for this in abuild.
This work is part of Adélie Linux
Porting systemd to musl libc-powered Linux
I have completed an initial new port of systemd to musl. This patch set does not share much in common with the existing OpenEmbedded patchset. I wanted to make a fully updated patch series targetin…The Cat Fox Life
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For all the cases where musk might have advantages.
reddit.com/r/voidlinux/comment…
I like that musl helps build smaller containers. And sometimes I need systemd in a container.
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If I need systemd for a specific use, like testing systemd services
So you're hoping to test systemd in this theoretical test environment, but your prod isn't built like this? Tell us why you're ignoring the first rule of testing and deploying internal software?
My understanding is that it boots faster.
I tested this with EL6 and EL7. There was no discernible difference. It was all theories and brochureware.
Systemd is here to stay and if anything it will only spread into more and more places as can be seen with projects like this.
I would say "finally", but I've given up already.
I don't see systems booting with systemd in any near future of any dimension. Instead I now run "terribly slow" OpenRC on my systems. Poor me.
Instead I now run “terribly slow” OpenRC on my systems.
I suspect you're entirely free of init problems where you raise your fists to the heavens and ask WHAT ARE YOU DOING as if it'll tell you why systemd is on holiday now.
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Beko Pharm
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