DATE: January 08, 2026 at 02:00PM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG

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TITLE: Sudden drop in fentanyl overdose deaths linked to Biden-era global supply shock

URL: psypost.org/sudden-drop-in-fen…

For more than a decade, the United States has faced a relentless and heartbreaking increase in fatal drug overdoses driven by synthetic opioids. A new analysis suggests this trend has suddenly reversed due to a major disruption in the global supply chain of illicit fentanyl. Published in Science, the study indicates that regulatory actions taken by the Chinese government, following high-level diplomatic engagement with the Biden administration, may be the primary driver behind this unexpected decline in mortality.

The trajectory of the American overdose crisis has been grim for fifteen years. Deaths attributed to synthetic opioids rose more than 25-fold during that period. The annual toll reached a record high of 76,000 deaths in 2023. Yet, starting in the middle of that year, the numbers began to fall. By the end of 2024, the rate of fentanyl overdose deaths had dropped by more than one-third.

Public health officials and policymakers have struggled to explain this abrupt shift. It is often difficult to determine the cause of market fluctuations because illicit drug trafficking organizations operate in the shadows. To solve this puzzle, a team of researchers synthesized diverse data sets ranging from government seizure logs to social media discussions.

The research team was led by Kasey Vangelov at the University of Maryland. He worked alongside colleagues including Keith Humphreys of Stanford University and Peter Reuter of the University of Maryland. They sought to determine if the decline in deaths was the result of a “supply shock.” This economic term refers to a sudden event that drastically reduces the availability of a commodity.

Supply shocks have altered drug markets in the past. In the early 2000s, a drought in Australia’s heroin supply resulted in a 60 percent decline in opioid overdose mortality. Conversely, the introduction of fentanyl into North American markets around 2014 acted as a positive supply shock that increased mortality. The researchers hypothesized that a similar mechanism in the opposite direction might explain the current situation.

The investigators first examined traditional indicators of drug supply collected by the United States government. They analyzed data from the Drug Enforcement Administration regarding the purity of fentanyl seized by law enforcement. In illicit markets, dealers often respond to shortages by diluting their product rather than raising prices. This phenomenon is similar to the “shrinkflation” observed in legitimate retail sectors.

The data revealed a distinct pattern. The average purity of fentanyl powder seized by authorities rose throughout 2022 and peaked at roughly 25 percent in early 2023. Following that peak, purity levels plummeted. By the end of 2024, the average purity of seized powder had fallen to approximately 11 percent.

This decline in product quality occurred almost simultaneously with the drop in overdose deaths. The researchers found a strong correlation between the purity of fentanyl pills and the rate of fatal overdoses. As the drugs became less potent due to apparent shortages, fewer people died from using them.

The team also reviewed the number of drug seizures reported by the National Forensic Laboratory Information System. Seizures of fentanyl peaked in the first half of 2023. By the second half of 2024, those numbers had fallen by 37 percent. While fewer seizures could theoretically result from reduced police activity, the high political profile of the fentanyl crisis suggests that enforcement remained a priority. This makes a reduction in actual drug volume the most likely explanation.

To corroborate these government statistics with real-world experiences, the researchers turned to an unconventional source of data. They analyzed discussions on the social media platform Reddit. Users on this site frequently discuss the quality and availability of drugs in specific online communities or “subreddits.”

The researchers tracked the use of the word “drought” and related terms in communities such as r/fentanyl and r/heroin. They manually verified the posts to ensure the users were discussing a shortage of fentanyl rather than other substances. The analysis showed a spike in user complaints about a drought beginning in July 2023.

These complaints intensified throughout the year. The discussions became so prevalent that moderators of the forums temporarily banned posts about shortages to comply with site rules. Once the ban was lifted in mid-2024, mentions of a drought surged again. This timeline aligns closely with the reduction in overdose deaths and the decline in drug purity recorded by the government.

A central challenge in the study was identifying the source of the disruption. The researchers needed to determine if the supply shock originated in Mexico, where cartels produce fentanyl for the US market, or further upstream in the supply chain. To do this, they compared the situation in the United States with that of Canada.

Canada also suffers from a fentanyl crisis, but its supply chain is distinct. While the United States receives finished fentanyl trafficked from Mexico, Canadian traffickers largely import precursor chemicals and manufacture the drug domestically. Despite these different production methods, both countries rely on chemical precursors that originate in China.

If the supply shock were caused by law enforcement actions at the US-Mexico border or conflicts between Mexican cartels, the Canadian market should have remained relatively stable. However, the data showed that Canada experienced a similar disruption. Opioid-related deaths in Canada began to decline in the third quarter of 2023.

Canadian health data mirrored the trends seen in the United States. Emergency medical services reported fewer responses to suspected opioid poisonings. Hospitalizations related to opioids also fell. Additionally, Canadian lab data showed a shift where dealers began substituting fentanyl with fentanyl analogs, a behavior often seen when the primary drug is scarce.

The synchronized downturn in both nations points to a bottleneck at the source of the chemicals they share. The researchers suggest that actions taken by the Chinese government are the most plausible explanation. This shift aligned with a pivotal meeting between President Joe Biden and Chinese President Xi Jinping in November 2023. The summit resulted in an agreement to increase cooperation on drug enforcement between the two nations.

Following this diplomatic breakthrough, China tightened regulations on the production and export of chemicals used to make synthetic opioids. These regulatory actions included the removal of online advertisements for precursor chemicals and the shutdown of various marketplaces. The Chinese government also issued notices warning chemical companies against selling substances that could be used for illicit drug production.

The Drug Enforcement Administration noted in a 2025 assessment that Chinese suppliers had become “wary” of selling these chemicals to international buyers. The assessment indicated that suppliers were aware of the increased scrutiny resulting from the government’s compliance with updated United Nations counter-narcotics treaties. The timeline of these enforcement actions in China closely matches the drop in purity and deaths seen in North America.

The study implies that diplomatic pressure and international cooperation can yield tangible public health benefits. The reduction in the flow of raw materials appears to have achieved what domestic law enforcement struggles to accomplish. Arresting street-level dealers rarely impacts the overall availability of drugs, but choking off the supply of essential chemicals affects the entire market.

The authors note that these positive changes may not be permanent. Drug trafficking organizations are highly adaptive businesses. History shows that when one supply route is closed, traffickers often find alternatives. They may stockpile chemicals, develop new synthesis methods, or source precursors from other nations such as India.

There are limitations to the analysis presented in the study. Because this was an observational study of national policies, there is no control group to confirm causation. It is theoretically possible that some unmeasured factor affecting both the United States and Canada caused the decline. However, alternative explanations such as the waning of the COVID-19 pandemic do not fit the timing of the data.

The data on drug purity also has limitations. The samples analyzed by the government are not always from the retail level. Some may be wholesale seizures, which naturally have higher purity. Changes in the mix of seizure types could influence the averages, though the trend across both pills and powder remains consistent.

Despite these caveats, the research offers a coherent explanation for a sudden shift in a long-standing public health crisis. It suggests that the illicit fentanyl trade is more vulnerable to upstream disruptions than previously thought. The findings highlight the value of monitoring global chemical supply chains as a method of drug control.

The study authors recommend that policymakers use this period of reduced supply to expand treatment and prevention programs. While the current drought in fentanyl availability has saved lives, demand for the drug persists. Strengthening the support systems for those with substance use disorders could help sustain the reduction in mortality even if supply chains eventually recover.

The study, “Did the illicit fentanyl trade experience a supply shock? A synthesis of government and social media data suggests a disruption, possibly tied to events in China,” was authored by Kasey Vangelov, Keith Humphreys, Jonathan P. Caulkins, Harold Pollack, Bryce Pardo, and Peter Reuter.

URL: psypost.org/sudden-drop-in-fen…

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DATE: October 23, 2025 at 12:03PM
SOURCE: PSYCHOLOGY TODAY

Direct article link at end of text block below.The only truly effective way to overcome social anxiety is to address the source—our self-perceived flaws and our core fear of exposing them. This is how. t.co/FZhmilXmr6

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DATE: September 22, 2025 at 10:42PM
SOURCE: PSYCHOLOGY TODAY

Direct article link at end of text block below.The more honest you are with yourself about why you want love, the sooner you’ll find a partner who sees the good in sharing their life with you. This is why. t.co/CeKKMfUypg

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DATE: September 05, 2025 at 10:00AM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG

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TITLE: Conventional values correlate with particular “dark-side” personality traits

URL: psypost.org/conventional-value…

New research published in the Journal of Human Values provides evidence that individuals who strongly endorse the values of tradition and security are more likely to show modest associations with certain personality traits that psychologists consider “dark-side” tendencies. These include traits linked to narcissism, obsessiveness, dependency, and avoidance, as well as lower levels of traits like psychopathy and novelty-seeking.

Non-clinical “dark” personality traits refer to socially aversive characteristics that resemble clinical personality disorders but are found at subclinical levels in the general population. These traits do not typically rise to the threshold of psychiatric diagnosis, but they can still impact interpersonal functioning, decision-making, and group dynamics.

Psychologists have often grouped these traits into categories such as narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and more broadly into patterns that reflect dysfunctional ways of relating to others—such as being overly suspicious, emotionally volatile, risk-seeking, or obsessively rule-bound. Although many of these traits have negative connotations, researchers also acknowledge that they can have adaptive features in certain environments, particularly in professional or competitive settings.

The concept of “dark-side” traits gained traction with the development of tools like the Hogan Development Survey, which assesses 11 subclinical traits derived from the diagnostic criteria for personality disorders. The survey was designed not to diagnose mental illness but to identify potential behavioral risks, especially in the workplace, that may emerge under stress or when individuals are not actively managing their impressions.

The rationale for the new study stems from a long-standing interest in the psychological foundations of ideological beliefs, particularly those associated with political and social conservatism. Past research has linked conservatism to attitudes like authoritarianism, dogmatism, and ethnocentrism, but relatively little is known about how personality traits, especially dark-side traits, align with the underlying values that support conservative worldviews.

The new study sought to examine how two values closely tied to conventionalism (tradition and security) might be associated with specific dark-side traits. The goal was to better understand the personality profiles of people who strongly endorse these values, and to explore whether certain traits make individuals more likely to prefer environments characterized by structure and predictability.

“I have long been interested in this topic which is at the interface of personality and social psychology,” explained study author Adrian Furnham, a professor of psychology at BI Norwegian Business School.

The study was based on data from 2,279 adults, most of whom were middle managers in the United Kingdom. The participants had been assessed over a ten-year period as part of professional development programs, and they agreed to let their anonymized data be used for research purposes. Nearly 90 percent of the sample held managerial positions, with an average age of approximately 39 years. The gender distribution included 1,474 men and 805 women.

To assess values, Furnham used the Motives, Values and Preferences Inventory. This tool includes a specific focus on “tradition” and “security” values. People who score highly on the tradition scale tend to prefer conventional moral codes, family values, and rituals rooted in history or religion. Those scoring high on the security scale prioritize predictability, safety, financial stability, and a structured lifestyle.

To measure dark-side personality traits, Furnham employed the Hogan Development Survey, a widely used tool that evaluates 11 subclinical traits associated with dysfunctional interpersonal behavior. These include “diligent” (associated with obsessive tendencies), “dutiful” (associated with dependency), “bold” (associated with narcissism), “mischievous” (associated with psychopathy), “cautious” (associated with avoidance), and others such as “sceptical,” “excitable,” “reserved,” and “imaginative.”

The results revealed that the two values of tradition and security were moderately correlated with each other. Yet, the pattern of personality trait associations was largely similar for both.

For the value of security, the strongest positive predictors were “diligent,” “dutiful,” “sceptical,” “cautious,” and “bold.” These traits tend to reflect people who are orderly, compliant, vigilant, and self-assured. In contrast, people high in “mischievous,” “imaginative,” and “excitable” traits were less likely to endorse security values. This suggests that rule-breaking, novelty-seeking, and emotional volatility may be at odds with a desire for predictability and control.

The value of tradition showed a similar pattern, though with weaker associations overall. It was positively associated with the same traits—diligent, dutiful, cautious, sceptical, and bold—and negatively associated with mischievousness and excitability. The regression models explained about 33 percent of the variance in security scores but only 9 percent of the variance in tradition scores.

“Those who are hard-working, compliant, and cautious endorsed these values, but they could also be seen as potentially obsessive, conflict-avoidant, and risk-averse,” Furnham told PsyPpst.

Perhaps the most surprising finding was the positive relationship between the “bold” trait—associated with narcissism—and both tradition and security. This suggests that individuals with high self-regard, confidence, and a sense of entitlement may still gravitate toward traditional or security-driven values, even if these values are often associated with humility or conformity. One interpretation is that narcissistic individuals may view structured environments as platforms to assert dominance or receive admiration.

“Sub-clinical narcissists want to be liked, admired, respected, attended to, praised, complimented, and indulged,” Furnham said. “Their most important and obvious characteristic is a sense of entitlement, excessive self-esteem and an expectation of success that often leads to real success. They are so colorful and engaging, they often attract followers. At present, there appear to be a number of very bold, conservative political leaders who express no doubt in the validity of their ideology.”

The trait of mischievousness—associated with subclinical psychopathy—showed a strong negative relationship with both values. These individuals tend to seek stimulation, reject authority, and enjoy bending rules. Their aversion to tradition and security fits with a personality style that thrives in unpredictability and resists social constraints.

As with all research, there are limitations. Most notably, the participants’ actual political beliefs were not assessed. This leaves open the question of how tradition and security values translate into political behavior or party affiliation.

Additionally, the sample was composed almost entirely of working professionals in the United Kingdom, which may limit the generalizability of the findings to other demographic groups or cultural contexts. The study also does not explore how these associations might differ for people who endorse liberal or progressive values.

Furnham suggests that future research should explore the personality traits associated with liberal values using similar frameworks. He also expresses interest in the concept of “tolerance of ambiguity”—a psychological construct describing how comfortable people are with uncertainty, complexity, or contradiction. This may provide a broader understanding of why some individuals seek order and stability, while others embrace novelty and change.

“The concept of ambiguity tolerance, variously called uncertainty avoidance, ambiguity avoidance, or intolerance of uncertainty, can be traced back nearly 70 years,” Furnham said. “The basic concept is that people may be understood on a dimension that refers to their discomfort with, and hence attempts to avoid, ambiguity or uncertainty in many aspects of their lives. Those who are intolerant of ambiguity are described as having a tendency to resort to black-and-white solutions and are often characterized by rapid and overconfident judgement, often at the neglect of reality.”

The study, “The Dark Side of Conventionalism: Dark-side Personality Traits and the Values of Security and Tradition,” was published online July 30, 2025.

URL: psypost.org/conventional-value…

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DATE: September 05, 2025 at 08:30AM
SOURCE: DIGITALHEALTH.NET

TITLE: Oracle Health EPR to go live across two Essex trusts

URL: digitalhealth.net/2025/09/orac…

An Oracle Health electronic patient record system called Nova is being implemented in phases from next year across two Essex NHS trusts.

URL: digitalhealth.net/2025/09/orac…

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DATE: September 05, 2025 at 08:00AM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG

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TITLE: Choral singing decreases the risk of developing depression and anxiety in older adults

URL: psypost.org/choral-singing-dec…

An experimental study conducted in Singapore found that older adults who participated in weekly one-hour choral singing sessions over a two-year period experienced a reduced risk of developing depression and anxiety. However, this reduction was comparable in magnitude to the reduction observed in a matched group of peers who participated in a structured health education program of equal length and frequency. The study was published in the Journal of Psychiatric Research.

Depression and anxiety are two of the most common mental health conditions, marked by persistent sadness or worry that interfere with daily functioning. Depression involves low mood, loss of interest or pleasure, fatigue, and feelings of worthlessness, while anxiety is characterized by excessive fear, restlessness, and physical tension.

Among older adults, these conditions are frequently underdiagnosed because their symptoms can be mistaken for normal aging or attributed to physical illness. Many elderly individuals with depression report memory problems, slowed thinking, or social withdrawal, rather than overt sadness. Anxiety may manifest as constant worry about health, finances, or personal safety, sometimes leading to avoidance behaviors.

Common risk factors for depression and anxiety in later life include chronic health conditions, bereavement, social isolation, and reduced independence. These mental health conditions are also linked to cognitive decline and dementia, both as contributing factors and as consequences, complicating diagnosis and treatment. They are known to significantly reduce quality of life and are associated with higher rates of disability and mortality.

Lead author Ted K.S. Ng and colleagues aimed to investigate whether choral singing could reduce the risk of developing depression and anxiety in older adults at risk for cognitive decline. They also sought to compare its effectiveness to that of a health education program (HEP), which served as an active control. The researchers hypothesized that participants in the choral singing group would show a lower incidence of depression and anxiety compared to those in the HEP group.

A total of 200 community-dwelling adults aged 60 and above were recruited from neighborhoods in Singapore. Participants were required to be cognitively healthy at baseline, meaning they did not meet criteria for dementia or mild cognitive impairment. Individuals with terminal illness, stroke, or significant hearing impairments were excluded. Seven participants with preexisting depression or anxiety diagnoses were also excluded from the final analysis.

Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group attended weekly choral singing sessions, while the other participated in the health education program, both lasting two years.

The choral singing intervention was designed for individuals with no prior musical training. “Initially, participants were taught the mechanics of choral singing, vocal concepts and how to critique singing quality. Later, participants were educated on appropriate, healthy vocal production while utilizing effective breathing techniques and aural skills. Subsequently, participants learnt to sing in harmony,” the authors explained.

The health education sessions were also held weekly and included talks on topics relevant to aging, such as lifestyle, diet, mental health, dementia awareness, and fall prevention. Group activities that did not involve singing were included to encourage social interaction and engagement, mirroring the format of the choral singing group.

To assess outcomes, participants completed validated screening tools at baseline, 12 months, and 24 months: the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the 20-item Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI). These measures were used to identify positive screens for clinically significant depression and anxiety.

The results showed that both groups experienced a significant reduction in the odds of screening positive for depression and anxiety over time. While the pattern of improvement differed—with the health education group showing earlier benefits at 12 months and the choral singing group showing more gradual improvements by 24 months—the overall reductions were statistically comparable by the end of the study.

“In contrary to previous studies using passive controls reporting positive outcomes, compared to HEP [health education program] as an active comparator, CS [choral singing] is as effective as HEP in delaying progression to clinically significant depressive and anxiety disorders in at-risk community-dwelling older adults,” study authors concluded.

The study contributes to the scientific understanding of choral singing for anxiety and depression risks in older adults. However, it should be noted that this was an open-label study, meaning that participants were fully aware which treatment they were undergoing and what the researchers’ expectations likely were. This could have produced the Hawthorne effect affecting the results. The Hawthorne effect is the phenomenon in which people change or improve their behavior simply because they know they are being observed.

The paper, “Effects of choral singing on depression and anxiety in older adults: A randomized controlled trial”, was authored by Ted K.S. Ng , Zhi Hao Lim, Michael Todd, Fei Sun, Kendra Ray, Xiang Qi, Jiuyu Guo, Kaisy Xinhong Ye, Andrea B. Maier, Rathi Mahendran, Goh Lee Gan, Maurine Tsakok, Ee Heok Kua, and Lei Feng.

URL: psypost.org/choral-singing-dec…

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